Hi,
1. Right now there is a NASA mission in the works called Solar Probe
that will go just 3.7 million miles (5.9 million kilometers) from the
Sun.
There is more information here http://solarprobe.jhuapl.edu/
It should be launched around 2018.
The
spacecraft would swing by a number of times, sampling the solar wind
near the Sun. It has a heat shield to protect it!
At one
point NASA was considering a version of the mission which would go even
closer, but it would not be able to swing by as many times.
2. At this point I can't think of a protection that would be enough
to keep someone from being pulled apart as they were pulled into the hole.
Cheers, Terry